Studies on the
Pattern of Changes in Glucose Concentration, Initial pH and Nitrogen Content in
the Synthetic Medium during Fungal Growth and as (III) Biosorption
by Aspergillus niger X300
S. Ganguly*
Department of Biological Sciences, Sankrail Abhoy Charan High School, Sankrail,
Howrah, West Bengal, India
ABSTRACT:
An experimental study was conducted to
evaluate the pattern of changes in glucose, pH, and nitrogen profile in the
synthetic medium as a function of fungal growth and As(III) biosorption
by an As(III) resistant fungus Aspergillus niger X300.Glucose is continuously consumed,
amino nitrogen increased up to 7th day , ammonical
nitrogen increased continuously along with the sharp decrement of residual
nitrogen in the broth.
KEYWORDS: Experimental, glucose, pH, nitrogen, Aspergillus niger
INTRODUCTION:
In order to carry out the metabolic
activity, an organism utilizes a number of nutrients [1-3]. These nutrients may
be glucose, L-amino acids, nitrogenous products etc.Aspergillus niger use different carbon and nitrogen
sources such as glucose, sucrose, urea, different ammonium salts for its growth
[4]. Quantitative uptake of these nutrients provides useful information for
monitoring organism’s growth and metabolism. The pattern of changes in the cell
mass is proportional to glucose concentration [4]. pH changes are another
parameter which may control biochemical processes such as enzyme functions,
protein conformation etc. [5]. Thus by controlling pH, a cell density and
metabolism may be regulated. In this present study, it was intended to examine
the pattern of changes in glucose content, pH and nitrogen as a function
of function of fungal growth and As(III)
biosorption by an As(III) resistant fungus Aspergillus niger X300.
MATERIALS AND
METHODS:
Microorganism:
An experimentally developed As(III)
resistant strain Aspergillus niger X300
was used throughout the study[6].
Physical condition
for fungal growth:
The following growth conditions were used
for optimum growth of the fungus : pH -4.5; temperature -300C; spore
density, 7x108 spores or cells/ml; shaker speed -200 rpm, volume of
medium-100ml, age of inoculums-7 days
and incubation period -7 days[7].
Composition of
synthetic medium of the following composition of the synthetic medium was used
in the present study:
Glucose - 12% ; (NH4)2SO4
- 0,8%; K2HPO4-0.01% ; KH2PO4 -
0.01% ; CaCl2.2H2O - 0.03% ; NaCl
- 0.02% ; MgSO4.7H2O - 0.03%; MnSO4.4H2O-0.02µg/ml and
thiamine-HCl -0.01µg/ml[8].
Estimation of
residual sugar:
Residual sugar was estimated by DNS method
of Miller (1959)[9].
Estimation of
amino nitrogen:
Ammino nitrogen was estimated by nin hydrin method[10].
Estimation of ammonical and residual nitrogen: Ammonical and total nitrogen was
estimated by the micro-kjeldahl method of Allen
(1931)[11].
Estimation of pH:
pH of the synthetic medium was determined
with the aid of previously standardized pH meter (Unicom 9450 model).
Estimation of
As(III):
The concentration of As(III) in the broth
was estimated by the method as reporte by Cernansky et al
.(2007) [12].
Estimation of
spore/ Dry cell weight:
Dry Spore/cell weight was estimated by the
method as proposed by Shah et al.(2000)[13].
RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION:
The pattern of changes in glucose content
and pH as a function of fungal growth and As(III) biosorption
has been depicted in Table 1.
Amino nitrogen increased due to increase in
cellular amino acid and proteins. Ammonical nitrogen
increased due to dissociation of ammonium salt in the medium. As rapid
utilization and dissociation occurred, the residual nitrogen level decreased
gradually.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
I express my sincere gratitude o the
department of Chemical Engineering, University of Calcutta, Bose Institute, Kolkata
and Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB), Kolkata for their support
without which I could not able to finish the work.
|
TABLE 1 : CHANGES IN GLUCOSE
CONCENTRATION AND pH IN RESPONSE TO
FUNGAL GROWTH AND As (III) BIOSORPTION |
|||||
|
Days |
Glucose concentration (gm%) |
Dry cell/ Spore weight (gm%) |
As (III) concentration (mg/L) |
pH |
|
|
Initial |
Final |
||||
|
o.o(control) |
12.0±0.896 |
- |
1500 |
1500.0±3.971 |
4.5±0.076 |
|
1.0 |
*11.4±0.668 |
*1.4±0.552 |
1500 |
*1321.7±9.661 |
4.3±0.093 |
|
2.0 |
**9.8±0.713 |
*3.3±0.684 |
1500 |
**1026.4±2.684 |
*3.8±0.066 |
|
3.0 |
**8.3±0.991 |
*3.6±0.977 |
1500 |
**921.3±9.663 |
**3.1±0.043 |
|
4.0 |
**6.1±0.684 |
**6.7±0.866 |
1500 |
**722.3±9.661 |
**2.6±0.084 |
|
5.0 |
**4.3±0.771 |
**8.7±0.714 |
1500 |
**421.6±6.913 |
*82.3±0.096 |
|
6.0 |
**2.6±0.831 |
**11.2±0.936 |
1500 |
**216.3±8.363 |
**1.8±0.068 |
|
7.0 |
**0.8±0.937 |
**15.1±0.871 |
1500 |
**89.3±5.995 |
**1.5±0.003 |
|
8.0 |
**0.6±0.681 |
**15.1±0.316 |
1500 |
**89.3±7.236 |
**1.3±0.012 |
(Values
were expressed as Mean ±SEM , where n=6,*p<0.05 ,**P<0.01 when compared
to control)
From
the table 1 , it can be inferred that , glucose was readily be consumed
gradually along with sharp fall of pH in
the medium, probably due to accumulation of secondary acidic metabolic by products in the medium.
|
TABLE 2 : CHANGES IN NITROGEN PROFILE
DURING As (III) BIOSORPTION BY As(III) RESISTANT STRAIN Aspergillus niger X300 |
|||
|
Days |
Amino nitrogen (gm%) |
Ammonical nitrogen (gm%) |
Residual nitrogen (gm%) |
|
0.0
(control) |
0.00±0.000 |
0.00±0.008 |
0.80±0.083 |
|
1.0 |
*0.03±0.003 |
**0.06±0.004 |
0.71±0.044 |
|
2.0 |
**0.08±0.008 |
**0.09±0.006 |
*0.63±0.016 |
|
3.0 |
**0.10±0.006 |
**0.13±0.005 |
*0.57±0.077 |
|
4.0 |
**0.16±0.005 |
**0.17±0.005 |
*0.47±0.083 |
|
5.0 |
**0.21±0.006 |
**0.21±0.004 |
*0.38±0.073 |
|
6.0 |
**0.27±0.008 |
**0.28±0.008 |
**0.25±0.058 |
|
7.0 |
**0.33±0.004 |
**0.31±0.004 |
**0.16±0.046 |
|
8.0 |
**0.33±0.007 |
**0.39±0.006 |
**0.08±0.036 |
(Values
were expressed as Mean ±SEM , where n=6,*p<0.05 ,**P<0.01 when compared
to control)
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Received on 07.04.2013
Modified on 22.14.2013
Accepted on 02.05.2013
© A&V Publication all right reserved
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Technology. 5(3):
May- June, 2013, 168-170